"Tech regulation theory" that affects the future of GAFA, maintenance, liberal, IT giant, each position: Business compass to be read from the US economy | Business+IT
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"Tech regulation theory" that affects the future of GAFA, maintenance, liberal, and IT giant
Series: Business compass that is read from the US economy
While US technology giants have become huge, a series of leakage and abuse of user personal information have been discovered.Questions were thrown at the self -rule (governance) ability of large IT companies, and regulation theory was flourished.However, there are signs that take advantage of the strength of the wind and try to make a bone bone fetal in the "regulation" that is convenient for the industry.From October to November, amazon, alphabet (Google holding company), and Apple's stocks of the US Tech have fallen sharply throughout October, but will they be overtaken?
Journalist in the United States Taro Iwata
Journalist in the United States Taro Iwata
Learn the basics of financial and economic news at the NBC News of the U.S. NBC News, the Yomiuri Shimbun English newspaper club, and the Nikkei International News Center.Currently, he publishes articles that broadly analyze the US economy on paper media such as "Weekly Economist", while contributing to web media distributed on multiple channels such as "JAPAN IN-DEPTH" and "Zuu Online".He has been interviewing for a long time overseas, and is good at writing and translating articles such as finance, macro economy, energy, and corporate analysis.We also provide a wide range of analysis of society, including international politics, child care, education, justice, and crimes.We are trying to "analyze the flow of the times one step ahead".
＜目次＞「トランプ大統領は、グーグルやフェイスブックが保守的な意見やニュースサイトを差別していると見ており、独占禁止法に違反しているとして調査を命じる大統領令にサインする」関連記事▲ Close ▼ All display
9月21日にこのようなうわさのニュースが駆け巡り、テクノロジー企業の間に緊張が走った。数日後に複数のホワイトハウス高官が否定したが、米国をはじめ世界中でテクノロジー大手規制論が高まりをみせていることを象徴する出来事だった。 事実、米SNS大手フェイスブックのマーク・ザッカーバーグ最高経営責任者（CEO）がユーザーの個人情報流出問題で4月に米議会に呼ばれて証言して以来、米テクノロジー大手の経営者たちが政治家の厳しい追及を受ける姿は、すっかり定着した感がある。 ここ数か月だけでも、以下のように失点続きの米IT大手は守勢に立たされている。 こうした中、民主党のマーク・ワーナー上院議員がソーシャルメディアの規制を求め、共和党のオリン・ハッチ上院議員も連邦取引委員会によるグーグルの「反競争的慣行」の調査を要求するという具合に、表面的には規制を求める超党派の流れが出来上がっている。政治家たちの批判や追及は、以下の5つの論点に集中している。 だが、それぞれのイシューに対するリベラル派と保守派の立場を見ると、IT大手規制論は呉越同舟の観を呈している。 リベラル派は、個人情報保護の厳格な規制を行う欧州連合（EU）の一般データ保護規則（GDPR）に準じた連邦政府による規制や、大きくなりすぎて独占状態が顕著になった企業の分割を求めるのに対し、保守派はデータ保護をできるだけ企業の自主規制に任せる一方、企業を分割してイノベーションや消費者利益を阻害しないよう求めているのだ。 リベラル派と保守派、そして米テクノロジー大手の業界規制に関する考えを、次の表におおまかにまとめた。リベラル派がEU並みの厳格な規制を求める一方で、保守派とIT企業の考えが実は似通っていることがわかる。（mobileはこちらから）| イシュー | リベラル派の立場 | 保守派の立場 | IT大手の立場 |
| 個人情報保護 | 違反には政府が重い罰金を課し、連邦通信委員会（FCC）や連邦取引委員会（FTC）がSecurity対策の監視執行を求める | 何らかの保護を導入、ただし運用は政府ではなくIT企業自ら行う。欧州のGDPRは負担が重過ぎる。イノベーションや収益を阻害する規制には反対 | 何らかの保護を導入、ただし運用は政府ではなくIT企業自ら行う。欧州のGDPRは負担が重過ぎる。イノベーションや収益を阻害する規制には反対 |
| プライバシー保護 | サービスに必要なデータ以外をIT企業が収集分析することに反対。ユーザーが自身のデータの所有権を行使できるようにすべき | IT企業があらゆる個人情報を収集分析するのはユーザーの利益になる。欧州のような個人がデータの所有権を行使できる形ではなく、業界の自主規制で十分な保護が可能 | 欧州のような個人がデータの所有権を行使できる形ではなく、業界の自主規制で十分な保護が可能。データ提供企業ではなく、サードパーティーにも責任を負担させる |
| 外国の政治介入やフェイクニュース | SNSが悪用されてトランプ大統領が誕生した。IT企業はフェイク情報や反移民の陰謀論をより厳しく取り締まるべき | SNSは極端にリベラル派の論調が支配的であるため、保守派の論調をより多く取り上げるべき | 保革双方に配慮したフェイクニュース検閲を強化しており、法律などによらなくても業界で対応できる |
| 反競争的・イノベーション阻害 | 新たな競合がつぶされ、独占の中で革新も生まれないため、AT&Tなどのように企業分割が必要 | 垂直統合がユーザーに利益をもたらしており、イノベーションは活発。企業分割は必要なし | 垂直統合がユーザーに利益をもたらしており、イノベーションは活発。企業分割は必要なし |
| 社会的責任の負担欠如 | 低賃金の労働者に食っていける給料を支払わないため、多くの従業員が食料購入補助金や医療保険助成など血税から出た保護の支給を受けている。待遇と地位と賃金の改善を求める | 最低賃金引上げを消極的に支持（一部は反対）。労働者の自助努力を強調。ベーシックインカムについても、積極的な支持は少ない。寄付や投資形式の社会貢献を支持 | アマゾンなどによる最低賃金の引き上げ。ベーシックインカムの導入議論。ビル・ゲイツ・元マイクロソフトCEOによる「ロボット税」の提言。寄付や投資形式の社会貢献 |
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